Chapter Review Chapters 13-16

Study Guide Chapters 13-16

Chapter 13 Bureaucracy-Citizens As Owners and Consumers

• Who ultimately controls the bureaucracy?
• Who owns it? Are we just "customers"?
• When and why did the biggest expansion in the bureaucracy occur?
• Patronage and spoils: what do these terms mean? Which President used these systems of filling jobs?
• Is patronage dead?
• Pendleton Act of 1883
• What is the "merit system"?
• Republican vs. Democratic orientation towards the bureaucracy
• What's "RIP"?
• 4 differences between public and private bureaucracies
• Political vs. career bureaucrats
• What's the "proxy" administration?
• Who was Frances Perkins?
• What do bureaucrats do? Rule-making and adjudicating disputes
• What is the "Federal Register"?
• Know the 6 major structures within the Federal bureaucracy
• How can Congress limit the bureaucracy?
• What is as good example of Congressional "oversight"?
• Can Congress eliminate a rule approved by an agency? How?
• What role can the President play?
• What is "SES"
• What role does the OMB play (Office of Budget and Management)
• Role of Courts
• Are whistle blowers protected?

Chapter 14 The Courts-Judicial Power in a Democratic Setting

·        States and Federal "dual" court system

·        What do Federal district Courts deal with?

• How many Courts of Appeals are there nationwide?
• What are "en banc" hearings?
• What is meant by "precedent"?
• Significance of Marbury v. Madison case re: judicial review
• Two types of law and differences. Can you cite examples of each?
• Types of jurisdiction and judiciability
• What is meant by "standing" Can you give an example of not having standing to submit a case?
• Why was Roosevelt upset with the Supreme Court?
• What is now the emphasis on cases heard in the Supreme Court?
• Rule of 4 and "writ of certiorari"
• How many writs are received vs. heard each year?
• How could you be an "amicus curiae"?
• Types of opinions issued?
• 3 types of populations affected by decisions
• What are some external factors that can affect a decision being implemented?
• Judicial activism vs. Judaical restraint
• Qualities of nominees: professional, doctrinal and representational
• Choosing lower court appointees: some issues that have come up re: politicization of the process
• Senatorial courtesy definition
• What are some measures that have enhanced access to the Courts?
• Judges aren't elected. Isn't that undemocratic?

Chapter 15 Public Policy-Responding to Citizens

·        Public policies are responses to what?

• Who is ultimately affected by social and economic struggles in certain sectors
• What is "public policy"?
• What are 2 basic limits are placed on public policies?
• Various steps in policymaking. Who plays a role in each step (they're different in each step)
• Types of outcomes based on cost and benefits (chart in book...check it out)
• Which policy outcomes are easiest/more difficult to maintain?
• When did the big push on environmental regulation begin?
• What's a "cap and trade" program?
• What was the emphasis in the Rio and Kyoto Environmental Protocols?
• Have states gone their own way with environmental regulation?
• How many people are poor, and what % of total population?
• What are TANF restrictions?
• What segment of the population is most vulnerable to the recession?
• What % of the population is uninsured?
• Fiscal policy: Keynesian and supply side: differences?
• What is our national deficit? How much is it projected to be this year? ($1.8 trillion!)
• What % of the budget goes to pay off the debt (9%)
• Monetary policy: who's in charge?
• Reserve requirement, discount rate, open market operations???
• What's easier to fight? Recession or inflation?
• Two opposites: free trade or protectionism: pros and cons
• What is NAFTA. What does the WTO do?

Chapter 16 Foreign and Defense Policy-Protecting American Interests in the World

·        Was our country initially desiring to be deeply involved in foreign affairs? Why not?

• What was significance of Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctrine)?
• What effect did WWs I & II have on our international perspective?
• Starting with Truman, "containment" was a policy to contain whom or what?
• Did the "MAD" principle work? Is detente a good thing?
• Who became our international "enemy" after the Cold War?
• What does "preemption refer to?
• What did the "Bush Doctrine" have as it's 3 elements?
• What's the most important element of national interests?
• What 3 components of this element are vital in making national security decisions?
• Liberalism, realism, idealism, and neo-conservatism in foreign policy: characteristics?
• Who is, no doubt, the foreign policy chief? (Hint: his initials are BHO)
• The NSC and State Department
• Are the views of the Secretary of State (e.g., Hillary Clinton) always reflected in policy?
• Department of Defense and the Intelligence "Community"
• Who gathers intelligence beside the CIA
• Can your phone be wiretapped? When?
• How is Congress involved in foreign policy? Various tools at their disposal are....
• What % of national budget is spent on defense?
• Are you a "cognitive miser"? How does this manifest itself?
• Significance of various tools of foreign policy
• Military power: do other countries spend more based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
• Diplomacy: various forms it takes
• Foreign aid: How big a part of budget? Is it worth it?
• International Organizations (UN, NATO, World Bank) Was the US able to get the support of the UN to invade Iraq? Why not?
• Threats
• Terrorism: how do you deal with it: a criminal act? Or, remove their areas of operation? Or, ground fights?
• Nuclear Danger? Who belongs to the nuclear "club"? What is a "missile defense system"? Does it work?
• Regional conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, and elsewhere. What's the 2-state solution proposed by former President Bush? Carnage in Darfur, Rwanda (Hutus and Tutsis). What are rusks of ignoring these areas with constant conflicts? What is "genocide"? Define it.
• China: Friend or foe? Why is their economy so strong?
• Book notes China is second largest debt holder behind Japan...that is now reversed; two flashpoints are what?
• Alternatives to force: soft power! Would you like to be a volunteer to assist those in need overseas? You'll be spreading the good word